The Helsinki internationalization process model and POM posture: deviations, explanations, and future research

Mika Gabrielsson*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapterScientificpeer-review

Abstract

Reijo Luostarinen introduced a process model, the Helsinki Model, that captures the mainstream internationalization behaviour of firms along three strategic postures: products, operations and markets. I introduce the key theoretical mechanisms that underlie this model, illustrate three important deviations to it that he and I jointly studied, and scrutinize them in light of the same theoretical elements that underlie the original model. First, there are deviations in the linear progress of the mainstream model, exemplified by de-internationalization and re-internationalization. Second, a large group of firms, so-called born globals, seemingly differ from the mainstream model by advancing more rapidly, bypassing certain stages. Third, some firms, which we term globalizing internationals, first internationalize by diversifying to many strategic business units, then at some point globalize their business by directing all their effort to a select few businesses. I provide theoretical explanations and suggest future research avenues related to all three deviations.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationThe Helsinki Internationalization Process Model : Foundations and Future Agenda
EditorsRebecca Piekkari, Catherine Welch
Number of pages15
Place of PublicationCheltenham
PublisherEdward Elgar
Publication date2024
Pages220-234
ISBN (Print)978-1-0353-3203-8
ISBN (Electronic)978-1-0353-3204-5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2024
MoE publication typeA3 Book chapter

Keywords

  • 512 Business and Management
  • Born globals
  • De-internationalization
  • Globalizing internationals
  • Helsinki Model
  • Internationalization of the firm
  • Luostarinen
  • Re-internationalization

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