Circular Economy: Tensions in Implementing the 10 R-Principles

The purpose of this paper is to better understand the state of circular economy (CE) practices in place, and gain insight into some of the challenges (tensions) related to understanding and implementing CE, applying the lens of paradox theory to understand the tensions that are present in the circular economy at different levels of analysis and implementation. This research uses a combination of primary empirical data and secondary data to explore enablers, barriers, and tensions to CE in practice using the 10-R circular practices. Empirical sampling was used to try to identify a variety of industries, geographies, and organizational sizes. The paper presents five propositions based on the analysis. CE practices appear to be very much embedded in the traditional business model where profit maximization—or something that resembles profit maximization- drives decision making. The archetypal tension of financial performance/ cost reduction, part of doing business as private sector organization, especially one with shareholders, is an overarching factor shaping CE practice.